essays and reflections

all publications

female education

A Creative Life: Carolina Florence

Carolina Florence, Hercules’s second wife, founder and creator of Florence College, dedicated to educating women, was born 194 years ago. In a reflection written especially for the IHF, Cecilia Prada discusses the issue of women’s education in the nineteenth century.

Discoveries

The births of Hercule Florence

February 28, February 29, or March 9, 1804. After all, which date was Hercule Florence’s birth? Here we explain the saga to find the real birthday of this traveling artist.

Photography

A short chronology of Hercule Florence’s photographic process

On World Photography Day, we selected some of the first records of Hercule Florence, the precursor of photography. Check out what the artist, traveler, and inventor recorded about his most celebrated invention

River journey

The Langsdorff Expedition: Adventures of Nineteenth-Century Travelers

In their search for knowledge about the customs of the native peoples and for samples of the fauna and flora of Brazil’s hinterland, the travelers covered a total of almost 17,000 kilometers between 1821 and 1828.

Photochemical

“Joaquinzinho da Botica”

In an article by Jorge Alves de Lima, learn more about the history of the apothecary who helped Hercule Florence in his photochemical experiments that gave rise to the images named photography.

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